Introduction
Figure 1
Diagram illustrating three activities that can
reduce carbon emissions from software use
Figure 2
Diagram illustrating green software principles,
patterns, and practices
Carbon Efficiency
Figure 1
Picture of user minimising carbon
emissions
Energy Efficiency
Figure 1
Diagram illustrating the chain of electricity
use in server/HPC setup
Figure 2
Diagram of link from fossil fuels to
energy
Figure 3
Diagram illustrating power usage effectiveness
(PUE) of data centres
Figure 4
Schematic graph showing relationship between
power draw and utilisation of computer infrastructure
Carbon Awareness
Figure 1
Diagram illustrating change in carbon intensity
over time due to changes in atmospheric conditions
Figure 2
Diagram illustrating marginal carbon intensity
and curtailment
Figure 3
Diagram illustrating reduction in demand from
fossil fuel plants
Figure 4
Diagram illustrating increase in demand from
renewable sources
Figure 5
Diagram illustrating increase in demand from
non-renewable sources
Figure 6
Image of transition from high-carbon to
low-carbon energy sources
Figure 7
Diagram illustrating spatial demand
shifting
Figure 8
Diagram illustrating spatial demand
shifting
Figure 9
Diagram illustrating demand shaping
Hardware Efficiency
Figure 1
Bar chart illustrating embodied carbon from
various end-user devices
Figure 2
Diagram illustrating amortisation
Figure 3
Diagram illustrating amortisation
Measurement
Reducing Emissions
Figure 1
Diagram illustrating carbon reduction
strategies
Figure 2
Diagram illustrating different emissions
reduction strategies
Figure 3
Demand curve for electricity use
Figure 4
Diagram illustrating impact of hourly
matching
Figure 5
Temporal shifting along with matching
strategy