Glossary
Last updated on 2024-11-19 | Edit this page
- B-mode
-
B-mode is short for brightness mode of ultrasound. It is a mode in
which 2-D cross sectional images are made with highly echogenic tissues
are represented with bright pixels.
- Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)
-
BIDS is a standardized way of organizing and describing neuroimaging
and behavioral data. It aims to simplify data sharing and analysis by
providing a consistent file structure and naming convention across
different studies and institutions.
- Computed tomography (CT)
-
A CT scan uses X-rays and computer processing to create
cross-sectional images of the body. Multiple X-ray measurements are
taken from different angles to produce detailed slices that can be
combined into three-dimensional representations, providing more
comprehensive information than traditional X-rays.
- Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)
-
DICOM is both a file format and a communication protocol standard for
medical imaging. It allows for the integration of medical imaging
devices, servers, workstations, printers, and network hardware from
multiple manufacturers into a comprehensive information system.
- Large language model (LLM)
-
A LLM is a type of AI model primarily defined by the size of its
training data rather than its architecture. Initially, most LLMs were
based on transformer architecture, but other types have since emerged.
Multimodal LLMs can handle multiple types of input and output, such as
text and images.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-
MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses strong magnetic
fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of organs and
tissues. It’s particularly useful for visualizing soft tissues and
doesn’t use ionizing radiation, making it suitable for repeated
scans.
- Morphological Operations
-
Morphological operations are image processing operations that are
based on shapes of objects within an image. Two critical operations for
several compound operations are erosion or dilation. Erosion shrinks an
object within an image. Dilation expands an object within an image. In
both cases the change is based on a structuring element, which is a
predefined shape. Opening, closing and morphological gradient are
morphologicl operations based on combining erosion and dilation.
- Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI)
-
NIfTI is a file format commonly used in neuroimaging to store and
share brain imaging data. It was developed to address limitations in
previous formats and includes support for storing image orientation and
other metadata crucial for accurate analysis.
- Positron emission tomography (PET)
-
A PET scan involves the use of radioactive tracers, such as
Fluorodeoxyglucose or Oxygen-15 (15O), which are administered to the
patient. Gamma ray detectors then create an image based on the tracer’s
distribution in the body. PET scans can be combined with or registered
to other forms of imaging for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
- Radiomics
-
Radiomics implies a quantitiative approach to medical image analysis.
Quantitative features are extracted from medical images using
data-characterization algorithms. These features, which may not be
visible to the human eye, can potentially be used for improved
diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.
- Registration
-
Image registration is a process by which different images of the same
object are aligned on the same coordinate system. This process usually
requires transformation of at least one of the images. In an example
where one image was taken with a patient lying face down and the other
image with the patient face up, one of the images will have to be
flipped about 180 degrees to register the images.
- Sinogram
-
Sinogram is a word with multiple definitions in radiology. Sinogram
may refer to an X-ray of the sinuses or imaging or a fistule. However in
terms of CT reconstruction it refers to the data from which a final CT
is reconstructed. The raw data of CT is a lot of 2D projections (a lot
of X-rays). A sinogram is a way to visualize this data by having the
angle as one of the axes of the image.
- Tag image file format (TIFF)
-
TIFF files conform to the Tag Image File Format standard and can
store grayscale or color images as raster images. They support both
lossy and lossless compression, and can also be left uncompressed.
B-mode is short for brightness mode of ultrasound. It is a mode in which 2-D cross sectional images are made with highly echogenic tissues are represented with bright pixels.
- Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)
-
BIDS is a standardized way of organizing and describing neuroimaging and behavioral data. It aims to simplify data sharing and analysis by providing a consistent file structure and naming convention across different studies and institutions.
- Computed tomography (CT)
-
A CT scan uses X-rays and computer processing to create
cross-sectional images of the body. Multiple X-ray measurements are
taken from different angles to produce detailed slices that can be
combined into three-dimensional representations, providing more
comprehensive information than traditional X-rays.
- Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)
-
DICOM is both a file format and a communication protocol standard for
medical imaging. It allows for the integration of medical imaging
devices, servers, workstations, printers, and network hardware from
multiple manufacturers into a comprehensive information system.
- Large language model (LLM)
-
A LLM is a type of AI model primarily defined by the size of its
training data rather than its architecture. Initially, most LLMs were
based on transformer architecture, but other types have since emerged.
Multimodal LLMs can handle multiple types of input and output, such as
text and images.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-
MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses strong magnetic
fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of organs and
tissues. It’s particularly useful for visualizing soft tissues and
doesn’t use ionizing radiation, making it suitable for repeated
scans.
- Morphological Operations
-
Morphological operations are image processing operations that are
based on shapes of objects within an image. Two critical operations for
several compound operations are erosion or dilation. Erosion shrinks an
object within an image. Dilation expands an object within an image. In
both cases the change is based on a structuring element, which is a
predefined shape. Opening, closing and morphological gradient are
morphologicl operations based on combining erosion and dilation.
- Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI)
-
NIfTI is a file format commonly used in neuroimaging to store and
share brain imaging data. It was developed to address limitations in
previous formats and includes support for storing image orientation and
other metadata crucial for accurate analysis.
- Positron emission tomography (PET)
-
A PET scan involves the use of radioactive tracers, such as
Fluorodeoxyglucose or Oxygen-15 (15O), which are administered to the
patient. Gamma ray detectors then create an image based on the tracer’s
distribution in the body. PET scans can be combined with or registered
to other forms of imaging for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
- Radiomics
-
Radiomics implies a quantitiative approach to medical image analysis.
Quantitative features are extracted from medical images using
data-characterization algorithms. These features, which may not be
visible to the human eye, can potentially be used for improved
diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.
- Registration
-
Image registration is a process by which different images of the same
object are aligned on the same coordinate system. This process usually
requires transformation of at least one of the images. In an example
where one image was taken with a patient lying face down and the other
image with the patient face up, one of the images will have to be
flipped about 180 degrees to register the images.
- Sinogram
-
Sinogram is a word with multiple definitions in radiology. Sinogram
may refer to an X-ray of the sinuses or imaging or a fistule. However in
terms of CT reconstruction it refers to the data from which a final CT
is reconstructed. The raw data of CT is a lot of 2D projections (a lot
of X-rays). A sinogram is a way to visualize this data by having the
angle as one of the axes of the image.
- Tag image file format (TIFF)
-
TIFF files conform to the Tag Image File Format standard and can
store grayscale or color images as raster images. They support both
lossy and lossless compression, and can also be left uncompressed.
A CT scan uses X-rays and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body. Multiple X-ray measurements are taken from different angles to produce detailed slices that can be combined into three-dimensional representations, providing more comprehensive information than traditional X-rays.
- Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)
-
DICOM is both a file format and a communication protocol standard for medical imaging. It allows for the integration of medical imaging devices, servers, workstations, printers, and network hardware from multiple manufacturers into a comprehensive information system.
- Large language model (LLM)
-
A LLM is a type of AI model primarily defined by the size of its
training data rather than its architecture. Initially, most LLMs were
based on transformer architecture, but other types have since emerged.
Multimodal LLMs can handle multiple types of input and output, such as
text and images.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-
MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses strong magnetic
fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of organs and
tissues. It’s particularly useful for visualizing soft tissues and
doesn’t use ionizing radiation, making it suitable for repeated
scans.
- Morphological Operations
-
Morphological operations are image processing operations that are
based on shapes of objects within an image. Two critical operations for
several compound operations are erosion or dilation. Erosion shrinks an
object within an image. Dilation expands an object within an image. In
both cases the change is based on a structuring element, which is a
predefined shape. Opening, closing and morphological gradient are
morphologicl operations based on combining erosion and dilation.
- Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI)
-
NIfTI is a file format commonly used in neuroimaging to store and
share brain imaging data. It was developed to address limitations in
previous formats and includes support for storing image orientation and
other metadata crucial for accurate analysis.
- Positron emission tomography (PET)
-
A PET scan involves the use of radioactive tracers, such as
Fluorodeoxyglucose or Oxygen-15 (15O), which are administered to the
patient. Gamma ray detectors then create an image based on the tracer’s
distribution in the body. PET scans can be combined with or registered
to other forms of imaging for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
- Radiomics
-
Radiomics implies a quantitiative approach to medical image analysis.
Quantitative features are extracted from medical images using
data-characterization algorithms. These features, which may not be
visible to the human eye, can potentially be used for improved
diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.
- Registration
-
Image registration is a process by which different images of the same
object are aligned on the same coordinate system. This process usually
requires transformation of at least one of the images. In an example
where one image was taken with a patient lying face down and the other
image with the patient face up, one of the images will have to be
flipped about 180 degrees to register the images.
- Sinogram
-
Sinogram is a word with multiple definitions in radiology. Sinogram
may refer to an X-ray of the sinuses or imaging or a fistule. However in
terms of CT reconstruction it refers to the data from which a final CT
is reconstructed. The raw data of CT is a lot of 2D projections (a lot
of X-rays). A sinogram is a way to visualize this data by having the
angle as one of the axes of the image.
- Tag image file format (TIFF)
-
TIFF files conform to the Tag Image File Format standard and can
store grayscale or color images as raster images. They support both
lossy and lossless compression, and can also be left uncompressed.
A LLM is a type of AI model primarily defined by the size of its training data rather than its architecture. Initially, most LLMs were based on transformer architecture, but other types have since emerged. Multimodal LLMs can handle multiple types of input and output, such as text and images.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
-
MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of organs and tissues. It’s particularly useful for visualizing soft tissues and doesn’t use ionizing radiation, making it suitable for repeated scans.
- Morphological Operations
-
Morphological operations are image processing operations that are
based on shapes of objects within an image. Two critical operations for
several compound operations are erosion or dilation. Erosion shrinks an
object within an image. Dilation expands an object within an image. In
both cases the change is based on a structuring element, which is a
predefined shape. Opening, closing and morphological gradient are
morphologicl operations based on combining erosion and dilation.
- Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI)
-
NIfTI is a file format commonly used in neuroimaging to store and
share brain imaging data. It was developed to address limitations in
previous formats and includes support for storing image orientation and
other metadata crucial for accurate analysis.
- Positron emission tomography (PET)
-
A PET scan involves the use of radioactive tracers, such as
Fluorodeoxyglucose or Oxygen-15 (15O), which are administered to the
patient. Gamma ray detectors then create an image based on the tracer’s
distribution in the body. PET scans can be combined with or registered
to other forms of imaging for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
- Radiomics
-
Radiomics implies a quantitiative approach to medical image analysis.
Quantitative features are extracted from medical images using
data-characterization algorithms. These features, which may not be
visible to the human eye, can potentially be used for improved
diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.
- Registration
-
Image registration is a process by which different images of the same
object are aligned on the same coordinate system. This process usually
requires transformation of at least one of the images. In an example
where one image was taken with a patient lying face down and the other
image with the patient face up, one of the images will have to be
flipped about 180 degrees to register the images.
- Sinogram
-
Sinogram is a word with multiple definitions in radiology. Sinogram
may refer to an X-ray of the sinuses or imaging or a fistule. However in
terms of CT reconstruction it refers to the data from which a final CT
is reconstructed. The raw data of CT is a lot of 2D projections (a lot
of X-rays). A sinogram is a way to visualize this data by having the
angle as one of the axes of the image.
- Tag image file format (TIFF)
-
TIFF files conform to the Tag Image File Format standard and can
store grayscale or color images as raster images. They support both
lossy and lossless compression, and can also be left uncompressed.
Morphological operations are image processing operations that are based on shapes of objects within an image. Two critical operations for several compound operations are erosion or dilation. Erosion shrinks an object within an image. Dilation expands an object within an image. In both cases the change is based on a structuring element, which is a predefined shape. Opening, closing and morphological gradient are morphologicl operations based on combining erosion and dilation.
- Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI)
-
NIfTI is a file format commonly used in neuroimaging to store and share brain imaging data. It was developed to address limitations in previous formats and includes support for storing image orientation and other metadata crucial for accurate analysis.
- Positron emission tomography (PET)
-
A PET scan involves the use of radioactive tracers, such as
Fluorodeoxyglucose or Oxygen-15 (15O), which are administered to the
patient. Gamma ray detectors then create an image based on the tracer’s
distribution in the body. PET scans can be combined with or registered
to other forms of imaging for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
- Radiomics
-
Radiomics implies a quantitiative approach to medical image analysis.
Quantitative features are extracted from medical images using
data-characterization algorithms. These features, which may not be
visible to the human eye, can potentially be used for improved
diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.
- Registration
-
Image registration is a process by which different images of the same
object are aligned on the same coordinate system. This process usually
requires transformation of at least one of the images. In an example
where one image was taken with a patient lying face down and the other
image with the patient face up, one of the images will have to be
flipped about 180 degrees to register the images.
- Sinogram
-
Sinogram is a word with multiple definitions in radiology. Sinogram
may refer to an X-ray of the sinuses or imaging or a fistule. However in
terms of CT reconstruction it refers to the data from which a final CT
is reconstructed. The raw data of CT is a lot of 2D projections (a lot
of X-rays). A sinogram is a way to visualize this data by having the
angle as one of the axes of the image.
- Tag image file format (TIFF)
-
TIFF files conform to the Tag Image File Format standard and can
store grayscale or color images as raster images. They support both
lossy and lossless compression, and can also be left uncompressed.
A PET scan involves the use of radioactive tracers, such as Fluorodeoxyglucose or Oxygen-15 (15O), which are administered to the patient. Gamma ray detectors then create an image based on the tracer’s distribution in the body. PET scans can be combined with or registered to other forms of imaging for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.
- Radiomics
-
Radiomics implies a quantitiative approach to medical image analysis. Quantitative features are extracted from medical images using data-characterization algorithms. These features, which may not be visible to the human eye, can potentially be used for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.
- Registration
-
Image registration is a process by which different images of the same
object are aligned on the same coordinate system. This process usually
requires transformation of at least one of the images. In an example
where one image was taken with a patient lying face down and the other
image with the patient face up, one of the images will have to be
flipped about 180 degrees to register the images.
- Sinogram
-
Sinogram is a word with multiple definitions in radiology. Sinogram
may refer to an X-ray of the sinuses or imaging or a fistule. However in
terms of CT reconstruction it refers to the data from which a final CT
is reconstructed. The raw data of CT is a lot of 2D projections (a lot
of X-rays). A sinogram is a way to visualize this data by having the
angle as one of the axes of the image.
- Tag image file format (TIFF)
-
TIFF files conform to the Tag Image File Format standard and can
store grayscale or color images as raster images. They support both
lossy and lossless compression, and can also be left uncompressed.
Image registration is a process by which different images of the same object are aligned on the same coordinate system. This process usually requires transformation of at least one of the images. In an example where one image was taken with a patient lying face down and the other image with the patient face up, one of the images will have to be flipped about 180 degrees to register the images.
- Sinogram
-
Sinogram is a word with multiple definitions in radiology. Sinogram may refer to an X-ray of the sinuses or imaging or a fistule. However in terms of CT reconstruction it refers to the data from which a final CT is reconstructed. The raw data of CT is a lot of 2D projections (a lot of X-rays). A sinogram is a way to visualize this data by having the angle as one of the axes of the image.
- Tag image file format (TIFF)
-
TIFF files conform to the Tag Image File Format standard and can
store grayscale or color images as raster images. They support both
lossy and lossless compression, and can also be left uncompressed.
TIFF files conform to the Tag Image File Format standard and can store grayscale or color images as raster images. They support both lossy and lossless compression, and can also be left uncompressed.