Processing lists of inputs

Last updated on 2024-06-20 | Edit this page

Estimated time: 80 minutes

Overview

Questions

  • “How do I process multiple files at once?”
  • “How do I combine multiple files together?”

Objectives

  • “Use Snakemake to process all our samples at once”
  • “Make a scalability plot that brings our results together”

We created a rule that can generate a single output file, but we’re not going to create multiple rules for every output file. We want to generate all of the run files with a single rule if we could, well Snakemake can indeed take a list of input files:

PYTHON 

rule generate_run_files:
    output: "p_{parallel_proportion}_runs.txt"
    input:  "p_{parallel_proportion}/runs/amdahl_run_2.json", "p_{parallel_proportion}/runs/amdahl_run_6.json"
    shell:
        "echo {input} done > {output}"

That’s great, but we don’t want to have to list all of the files we’re interested in individually. How can we do this?

Defining a list of samples to process

To do this, we can define some lists as Snakemake global variables.

Global variables should be added before the rules in the Snakefile.

PYTHON 

# Task sizes we wish to run
NTASK_SIZES = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  • Unlike with variables in shell scripts, we can put spaces around the = sign, but they are not mandatory.
  • The lists of quoted strings are enclosed in square brackets and comma-separated. If you know any Python you’ll recognise this as Python list syntax.
  • A good convention is to use capitalized names for these variables, but this is not mandatory.
  • Although these are referred to as variables, you can’t actually change the values once the workflow is running, so lists defined this way are more like constants.

Using a Snakemake rule to define a batch of outputs

Now let’s update our Snakefile to leverage the new global variable and create a list of files:

PYTHON 

rule generate_run_files:
    output: "p_{parallel_proportion}_runs.txt"
    input:  expand("p_{{parallel_proportion}}/runs/amdahl_run_{count}.json", count=NTASK_SIZES)
    shell:
        "echo {input} done > {output}"

The expand(...) function in this rule generates a list of filenames, by taking the first thing in the single parentheses as a template and replacing {count} with all the NTASK_SIZES. Since there are 5 elements in the list, this will yield 5 files we want to make. Note that we had to protect our wildcard in a second set of parentheses so it wouldn’t be interpreted as something that needed to be expanded.

In our current case we still rely on the file name to define the value of the wildcard parallel_proportion so we can’t call the rule directly, we still need to request a specific file:

BASH 

snakemake --profile cluster_profile/ p_0.999_runs.txt

If you don’t specify a target rule name or any file names on the command line when running Snakemake, the default is to use the first rule in the Snakefile as the target.

Rules as targets

Giving the name of a rule to Snakemake on the command line only works when that rule has no wildcards in the outputs, because Snakemake has no way to know what the desired wildcards might be. You will see the error “Target rules may not contain wildcards.” This can also happen when you don’t supply any explicit targets on the command line at all, and Snakemake tries to runthe first rule defined in the Snakefile.

Rules that combine multiple inputs

Our generate_run_files rule is a rule which takes a list of input files. The length of that list is not fixed by the rule, but can change based on NTASK_SIZES.

In our workflow the final step is to take all the generated files and combine them into a plot. To do that, you may have heard that some people use a python library called matplotlib. It’s beyond the scope of this tutorial to write the python script to create a final plot, so we provide you with the script as part of this lesson. You can download it with

BASH 

curl -O https://ocaisa.github.io/hpc-workflows/files/plot_terse_amdahl_results.py

The script plot_terse_amdahl_results.py needs a command line that looks like:

BASH 

python plot_terse_amdahl_results.py --output <output image filename> <1st input file> <2nd input file> ...

Let’s introduce that into our generate_run_files rule:

PYTHON 

rule generate_run_files:
    output: "p_{parallel_proportion}_runs.txt"
    input:  expand("p_{{parallel_proportion}}/runs/amdahl_run_{count}.json", count=NTASK_SIZES)
    shell:
        "python plot_terse_amdahl_results.py --output {output} {input}"

Challenge

This script relies on matplotlib, is it available as an environment module? Add this requirement to our rule.

PYTHON 

rule generate_run_files:
    output: "p_{parallel_proportion}_scalability.jpg"
    input:  expand("p_{{parallel_proportion}}/runs/amdahl_run_{count}.json", count=NTASK_SIZES)
    envmodules:
      "matplotlib"
    shell:
        "python plot_terse_amdahl_results.py --output {output} {input}"

Now we finally get to generate a scaling plot! Run the final Snakemake command:

BASH 

snakemake --profile cluster_profile/ p_0.999_scalability.jpg

Challenge

Generate the scalability plot for all values from 1 to 10 cores.

PYTHON 

NTASK_SIZES = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

Challenge

Rerun the workflow for a p value of 0.8

BASH 

snakemake --profile cluster_profile/ p_0.8_scalability.jpg

Bonus round

Create a final rule that can be called directly and generates a scaling plot for 3 different values of p.

Key Points

  • “Use the expand() function to generate lists of filenames you want to combine”
  • “Any {input} to a rule can be a variable-length list”