Introduction


Figure 1

An infographic showing some of the relationships between AI, ML, and DL The image above is by Tukijaaliwa, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons, original source


Figure 2

Types of Machine Learning Figure from the Python Data Science Handbook


Figure 3

Types of Machine LearningImage from Vasily Zubarev via their blog with modifications in blue to denote lesson content.


Supervised methods - Regression


Figure 1

Example of linear and polynomial regressions

Figure 2

Artwork by @allison_horst

Figure 3

The physical attributes measured are flipper length, beak length, beak width, body mass, and sex. Artwork by @allison_horst


Figure 4

Comparison of the regressions of our dataset

Figure 5

Comparison of the regressions of our dataset

Figure 6

Comparison of the regressions of our dataset

Figure 7

Comparison of the regressions of our dataset

Supervised methods - Classification


Figure 1

Visualising the penguins dataset

Figure 2

Visualising the penguins dataset

Figure 3

Decision tree for classifying penguins

Figure 4

Decision tree for classifying penguins

Figure 5

Classification space for our decision tree

Figure 6

Performance of decision trees of various depths

Figure 7

Simplified decision tree

Figure 8

Classification space of the simplified decision tree

Figure 9

Classification space generated by the SVM model

Ensemble methods


Figure 1

Stacking

Figure 2

Stacking

Figure 3

Stacking

Figure 4

Random Forests

Figure 5

random forest trees

Figure 6

random forest clf space

Figure 7

Regressor predictions and average from stack

Unsupervised methods - Clustering


Figure 1

Plot of the random clusters

Figure 2

Plot of the fitted random clusters

Figure 3

An example of kmeans failing on non-linear cluster boundaries

Figure 4

Increasing n_samples to 4000 and cluster_std to 3.0 looks like this: Kmeans attempting to classify overlapping clusters The straight line boundaries between clusters look a bit strange.


Figure 5

Spectral clustering on two concentric circles

Figure 6

Spectral clustering viewed with an extra dimension

Figure 7

Kmeans attempting to cluster the concentric circlesSpectral clustering on the concentric circles


Unsupervised methods - Dimensionality reduction


Figure 1

MNIST example illustrating all the classes in the dataset

Figure 2

MNIST example of a single image

Figure 3

SKLearn image with highlighted pixels

Figure 4

SKLearn image with highlighted pixels

Figure 5

Reduction using PCA

Figure 6

Reduction using PCA

Figure 7

Reduction using PCA

Figure 8

Reduction using PCA

Figure 9

Reduction using PCAReduction using PCA


Figure 10

Reduction to 3 components using pca

Figure 11

Reduction to 3 components using tsne

Neural Networks


Figure 1

A diagram of a perceptron

Figure 2

A multi-layer perceptron

Ethics and the Implications of Machine Learning


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